Ga language resources (Ga-Dangme, Gã) (https://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=57388#p1135548) Post (https://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?p=1135548&sid=ac0b64fc5094717ac6f70d7b64e02028#p1135548)by
Linguaphile (https://forum.unilang.org/memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&u=53520&sid=ac0b64fc5094717ac6f70d7b64e02028) » 2019-07-01, 4:17
Ga language linksGaDangme Online (https://gadangmeonline.wordpress.com/)
Ga Language Guide (http://pages.mtu.edu/~rlstrick/rsvtxt/gaguide.pdf)
Ga Introductory Course (http://www.thegadangme.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lessons-on-Ga-Language-Amon-Quartey.pdf)
Kasahorow Gadangme-English online dictionary (http://ge.kasahorow.org/app/d/Ofain%C9%9B?tl=en)
Kasahorow English-Gadangme online dictionary (http://en.kasahorow.org/app/d?tl=ge&kw=cat&s=r)
Greetings in Ga (http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers/Greetings%20G.htm#Ga)
GaDangme quizlet (https://quizlet.com/191890081/gadangme-phrases-flash-cards/)
Ga verbs and their constructions (https://typecraft.org/w/images/9/99/Ga_verb_dictionary_templated.pdf)
Ga Grammatical Sketch from 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=VqQTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Ga verb dictionary (https://typecraft.org/w/images/a/a0/V_ga_leksikon_rich.tdl-3.txt)
A few audio files (https://www.eriksinger.com/music/)
Ga phrasesMiiŋa nyɛ! - for greeting a group of people
Miiŋa bo! - for greeting one person
Ojekoo - good morning
Minaokoo - good afternoon
Oshwiee - good evening
Te oyɔɔ tɛŋŋ? - how are you?
Mi yɛ ojogbaŋŋ - I am fine
Te atsɛɔ bo tɛŋŋ? - What is your name?
Nɛgbɛ bo yɔɔ? - Where are you from?
Nɛgbɛ oyaa? - Where are you going?
Miikase Ga - I am learning Ga.
Te atsɛɔ enɛ tɛŋŋ? - What do you call this?
Enyiɛ ahɔɔ enɛ? - How much does this cost?
Ayekoo! - Well done!
Oyiwala dɔŋŋ - thank you
Yaaba jogbaŋŋ - goodbye
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CcgJzlnyyA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CcgJzlnyyA)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VECQ864_MuU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VECQ864_MuU)
ColorsEtsuru (tsuru) - red
Wuɔfɔ - yellow
Eŋɔli - green
Akasesu (bluu) - blue
Eyɛŋ (yɛŋ) - white
Lamululamulu (lamulu) - gray
Ediŋ (diŋ) - black
Asrasu - brown
Truntrai - spotted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWmORYtkwVM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWmORYtkwVM)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mu67tvKAg6Q (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mu67tvKAg6Q)
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Days of the week
Ju - Monday
Jufɔ - Tuesday
Shɔ - Wednesday
Soo - Thursday
Sohaa - Friday
Hɔɔ - Saturday
Hɔgbaa - Sunday
Gbi - day
Otsi - week
Nyɛ - yesterday
Ŋmɛnɛ - today
Wɔ - tomorrow
Nyɛ gbɛkɛ - last night
Leebi neɛ - this morning
Wɔ leebi - tomorrow morning
Dani Ju daashɛ - before Monday
Quizlet of Days of the Week (https://quizlet.com/144895767/days-of-the-week-flash-cards/)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR8Qn9-HQJw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR8Qn9-HQJw)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6oFIHIiNZk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6oFIHIiNZk)
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Yibɔi (numbers)ekobɛ - 0
ekome - 1
enyɔ - 2
etɛ - 3
ejwɛ - 4
enumɔ - 5
ekpaa - 6
kpawo -7
kpaanyɔ - 8
nɛɛhu - 9
nyɔŋma - 10
nyɔŋma kɛ ekome - 11
nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ - 12
nyɔŋma kɛ etɛ - 13
nyɔŋma kɛ ejwɛ - 14
nyɔŋma kɛ enumɔ - 15
nyɔŋma kɛ ekpaa - 16
nyɔŋma kɛ kpawo - 17
nyɔŋma kɛ kpaanyɔ - 18
nyɔŋma kɛ nɛɛhu - 19
nyɔŋmai enyɔ - 20
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ ekome - 21
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ enyɔ - 22
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ etɛ - 23
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ ejwɛ - 24
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ enumɔ - 25
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ ekpaa - 26
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ kpawo - 27
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ kpaanyɔ - 28
nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ nɛɛhu - 29
nyɔŋmai etɛ - 30
nyɔŋmai etɛ kɛ ekome - 31
nyɔŋmai etɛ kɛ enyɔ - 32
nyɔŋmai ejwɛ - 40
nyɔŋmai ejwɛ kɛ ekome - 41
nyɔŋmai ejwɛ kɛ enyɔ - 42
nyɔŋmai enumɔ - 50
nyɔŋmai ekpaa- 60
nyɔŋmai kpawo - 70
nyɔŋmai kpaanyɔ - 80
nyɔŋmai nɛɛhu - 90
oha - 100
oha kɛ ekome - 101
oha kɛ enyɔ - 102
oha kɛ nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ enumɔ - 125
oha kɛ nyɔŋmai enumɔ - 150
ohai enyɔ - 200
oha enyɔ kɛ ekome - 201
oha enyɔ kɛ enyɔ - 202
oha enyɔ kɛ nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ enumɔ - 225
oha enyɔ kɛ nyɔŋmai enumɔ - 250
ohai etɛ - 300
ohai ejwɛ - 400
ohai enumɔ - 500
ohai ekpaa - 600
ohai kpawo - 700
ohai kpaanyɔ - 800
ohai nɛɛhu - 900
akpe - 1000
akpei enyɔ - 2000
akpei nyɔŋma - 10,000
akpei akpe (milio) - 1,000,000
Kasahorow - Ga Numbers Zero to 20 (https://ge.kasahorow.org/node/1152559?utm_campaign=0702&utm_medium=gadangme&utm_source=email)
Numbers in Ga at Omniglot (https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/ga.htm)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWA2NCPVxsI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWA2NCPVxsI)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuVD-i8bnYk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuVD-i8bnYk)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PjWD9H4sV8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PjWD9H4sV8)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azvUrJjd1Ew (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azvUrJjd1Ew)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAAUGhB-0L0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAAUGhB-0L0)
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Parts of the Bodygbɔmɔtso - body (
gbɔmɔ=being, person;
tso=tree, plank)
yitso - head
yitswɛi (yitsɔi) - hair
hiɛnaa (hinaa) - forehead
hiɛ - face
hiŋmɛi (hiɛŋmɛi)- eyes
hiŋmɛi sɛ tsɔi - eyebrow
toi - ear
gugɔŋ (gugɔ) - nose
kpai - cheek
naabu (nabu) - mouth
tsɛŋ - chin
lilɛi - tongue
nyanyɔŋ - teeth
na - lip
tɛ̃loo (tɛŋloo) - gum
kuɛ - neck
sɛ̃ - throat
kɔŋ - shoulder
nine - hand, arm
nijii - arms, hands
nineshi - wrist
ninewao (wao) - finger
ninewaobii (waobii) - fingers
waobiianaa - fingernail
gɔnti - thumb
dɛ̃ - palm
nikutso - elbow
ŋaashi - armpit
tsitsi - chest
fufɔ - breast
tsui - heart
flufla - lung
ŋmawutsei - ribs
sɛ - back
musu - stomach
mlinii - intestine
laŋmɔ - navel
dukui - buttocks
hɛ - hip
nane - leg
najii - legs
shuɔ - thigh
nakutso - knee
nantu - calf
nane-tokota - foot
nanetsitsi - heel
nanetalɔ - ankle
nanewao - toe
wui - bones
Some arm/leg pairs
| nine (arm) | nane (leg) |
| nijii (arms) | najii (legs) |
| nikutso (elbow) | nakutso (knee) |
| ninewao (finger) | nanewao (toe) |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8-LQZGPDE0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8-LQZGPDE0)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riqLJT602DY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=riqLJT602DY)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDFD0VRQqCY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDFD0VRQqCY)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaXhMboUaHA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaXhMboUaHA)
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Months of the yearnyɔŋ - month
nyɔji - months
AhaAmwata - January
Oflɔ - Februrary
Otsokrikri - March
Abɛibe - April
Agbiɛnaa - May
Otukwajaŋ - June
Maawɛ - July
Manyawale - August
Gbo - September
Antɔŋ - October
Alemle - November
Afuabe - December
Yaka nyɔŋ - "unfruitful month"
In the original Ga calendar, there were 13 months. Each month was 28 days and the first month of the year was Gbo (~September). Yaka fell between Afuabe (~December) and AhaAmwata (~January) and was the month that was removed from the calendar when switching to the 12-month system.
Information about Ga months and the original Ga-Dangme calendar (http://gadangme.weebly.com/learning-center.html)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gr4q5dItOo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gr4q5dItOo)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwVtOYHUG7s (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwVtOYHUG7s)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ5uueK2npQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ5uueK2npQ)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2XJQrV3ezw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2XJQrV3ezw)
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Fruits and Vegetablesadɔŋŋ (adodɔŋŋ) - hog plum, jobo, yellow mombin
(Spondias mombin)alasa - Kmtyw star apple
(Chrysophyllum Kmtywum)kufũ - white star apple
Chrysophyllum albidumũ
aluguntugüŋ - soursop, guanabana
(Annona muricata)jawie - sweetsop, sugar apple
(Synsepalum dulcificum)amugui - Kmtyw cherry
(Flacourtia flavenscens)yɔɔyi - black velvet tamarind
(Dialium guineense)ataŋme - tigernut
(Cyperus esculentus)afaseo - purple yam
(Dioscorea alata)taami - miracle berry
(Synsepalum dulcificum)ayigbe - ackee
(Blighia sapida)shɔ - black plum, chokeberry
(Vitex doniana)abele - corn
eŋmɔmi - okra
paya - avocado
shɛ - sugar cane
sabolai - onion
duade - cassava
amaŋkani - taro
yɛlɛ - yam
atomo - potato
kakaotsofa - ginger
shitɔ - pepper
atéá - cashew
tɛɛrɛ - cola nut
ŋme - palm nut
zomi - palm oil
nkatie - peanut
niyenii - food
aduawai - fruits
akwadu - banana
amadaa - plantain
tatale - plantain cake
abonua - lemon
kpɛtɛ - lime
akutu - orange
akokooshi - coconut
blɔfoŋme - pineapple
akpakpa - papaya
goa - guava
maŋo - mango
pɛya - pear
waatɛrɛ - watermelon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Q7zhemGeg (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Q7zhemGeg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QYxBJaZlxQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QYxBJaZlxQ)
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Animalsaduŋ - monkey
shwuɔ - elephant
nuŋshwuɔ - hippopotamus
mlaŋtswi - leopard
jata - lion
klaŋ - wolf
klaŋ-odiŋmlɛmi - hyena
osɔ - fox
ofrote - deer
shadebua - hedgehog
sɔne - squirrel
obishi - rat
kwakwe - mouse
akpokplonto - tortoise
baa - crocodile
odaakɛlɛo - lizard
onufu - snake
jeŋ - python
nyɔŋmɔŋ-klaklo - scorpion
anaanu - spider
wobi - bee
ashagba - wasp
abɛi - butterfly
tɔŋtɔŋ - mosquito
baalabi - locust
tsatsu - ant
adɔdɔŋ - fly
ofɔi - tsetse fly
kaklaka (kakalika) - cockroach
ŋkpuluka - bedbug
loofɔji - birds
kwaakwaalabite - crow
okpo - dove
aflimata - sparrow
nyɔŋmɔbi-tɛte - swallow
akroma - hawk
okroŋpɔŋ - eagle
akpaŋa - vulture
dɔkɔdɔkɔ - duck
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Domestic Animals
kooloi - animals
shĩaŋ kooloi (shĩa mli kooloi) - domestic animals
alɔnte - cat
abotia - goat
gbee - dog
kpɛnkpɛne (kpɛŋkpɛle) - rabbit, hare
kwakwe - mouse
kpolotoo - pig
kpolotoobi - piglet
okpɔŋɔ - horse
afukpɔŋɔ - camel
too gwantɛŋ - sheep, ram
toobi (too gwantɛŋbi) - lamb
tsina - cow
tsina nuu - bull
teji - donkey
wuɔ - hen, chicken
wuɔbi - chick
wuɔ nuu - rooster
dɔkɔdɔkɔ - duck
ansaŋ - guinea fowl
akoo - parrot
tiitra - canary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMJNuFdTxaU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMJNuFdTxaU)
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Fish and Sea Creaturesnumli kooloi - sea creatures
kooloi - animals
nuŋloo - fish
odaa - tuna
samaŋ - salmon
emule - mackerel scad
jaase - horse mackerel
saflo - shark mackerel
maŋ - herring
didɛibaa - sole
abɔbi - anchovies
maji abii - tiny anchovies
antɛle - moon fish
didɛi - tilapia
jiji - electric ray
tantara - sting ray
ŋshɔŋ onufu - eel
ŋwaŋwajaŋ - ribbon fish
ablekui: moray eel
tsile - red snapper
ŋoŋo mli loo - shellfish
kakadiamaa - octopus
adɔde - oyster
alaŋmai - sand crab
kaa - sea crab
ŋaa - river crab
ŋshɔŋ waa - sea snail
ŋaatseŋtseŋ (ŋaakpaakpaa) - lobster
sɔŋ - shrimp, prawn
ajwɛŋ - mudfish
tsaflɔbi - shark
ogboole - hammerhead shark
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yb24Ndz4GXE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yb24Ndz4GXE)
Top (https://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=57388#top)
Linguaphile (https://forum.unilang.org/memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&u=53520&sid=ac0b64fc5094717ac6f70d7b64e02028)
Posts: 4032
Joined: 2016-09-17, 5:06
Re: Ga language resources (Ga-Dangme, Gã) (https://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=57388#p1135860) Post (https://forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?p=1135860&sid=ac0b64fc5094717ac6f70d7b64e02028#p1135860)by
Linguaphile (https://forum.unilang.org/memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&u=53520&sid=ac0b64fc5094717ac6f70d7b64e02028) » 2019-07-09, 14:12
Mei bei ni afɔ bo? which day where you born?
Linguaphile wrote:Days of the week
Ju - Monday
Jufɔ - Tuesday
Shɔɔ - Wednesday
Soo - Thursday
Sohaa - Friday
Hɔ - Saturday
Hɔgbaa - Sunday
Gbi gbɛii (Ga day-of-birth names)For a person born on a Monday [Ju]:
Kojo (male) /
Ajua (female)
For a person born on a Tuesday [Jufɔ]:
Kɔblã (male) /
Ablã (female)
For a person born on a Wednesday [Shɔɔ]:
Kwaku (male) /
Akua (female)
For a person born on a Thursday [Soo]:
Kwao (male) /
Aba (female)
For a person born on a Friday [Sohaa]:
Kofi (male) /
Afua (female)
For a person born on a Saturday [Hɔ]:
Kwami (male) /
Ama (female)
For a person born on a Sunday [Hɔgbaa]:
Kwashi (male) /
Akoshia (female)
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Subject pronouns (prefixed)1s mi-
2s o-
3s e-
1p wɔ-
2p nyɛ-
3p amɛ-
Object pronouns1s mi
2s bo
3s lɛ (for non-human: nul)
1p wɔ
2p nyɛ
3p amɛ
Examples (sentences which have both subject and object pronouns):Mina bo yɛ dzɛmɛ. = I saw you (singular) there.
Wɔna bo yɛ dzɛmɛ. = We saw you (singular) there.
Wɔna nyɛ yɛ dzɛmɛ. = We saw all of you (plural) there.
Ona wɔ yɛ dzɛmɛ. = You (singular) saw us there.
Ena mi yɛ dzɛmɛ. = He saw me there.
Wɔna amɛ yɛ dzɛmɛ. = We saw them there.
Mile lɛ. I know him.
Mileee lɛ. = I don't know him.
Mileee amɛ. = I don't know them.
Wɔleee amɛ. = We don't know them.
Misumɔɔ bo. = I love you (singular).
Misumɔɔ nyɛ. = I love you (plural).
Misumɔɔɔ lɛ. = I don't love him.
Osumɔɔ mi. = You (singular) love me.
Osumɔɔɔ amɛ. = You don't love them.
Mitsɔɔŋ bo. = I teach you (singular).
Mitsɔɔŋ nyɛ. = I teach you (plural).
Otsɔɔŋ mi. = You (singular) teach me.
Amɛtsɔɔŋ wɔ. = They teach us.
Etsɔɔŋ amɛ. = He teaches them.
Miiŋa nyɛ. = I'm greeting you (plural).
Miiŋa bo. = I'm greeting you (singular).
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Examples using subject and object pronouns with names; the verb tsɛ; how to ask what someone or something is calledgbɛi = name
Gbɛi kpakpa hi fe shika = a good name is better than riches
shika = riches, money, luxury
tsɛ = to call, to name
Mitsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = I call the child. (gbekɛ = child, boy)
Otsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = you (singular) call the child.
Etsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = he/she calls the child.
Wɔtsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = we call the child.
Nyɛtsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = you (plural) call the child.
Amɛtsɛ gbekɛ lɛ = they call the child.
Mitsɛ lɛ = I call him/her
Otsɛ mi = you call me
Te atsɛɔ bo tɛŋŋ? = what is your name? (what are you called?)
Atsɛɔ mi... = my name is... (call me...)
Atsɛɔ mi Akua = my name is Akua (call me Akua)
Ofainɛ, atsɛɔ mi Akua = Please call me Akua.
Mɛni ji ogbɛi? = what is your name?
Ofainɛ, mɛni ji ogbɛi? = please, what is your name?
Migbɛi ji... = my name is...
Migbɛi ji Kofi = my name is Kofi.
Te atsɛɔ nakai nuu lɛ tɛŋŋ? = what is that man's name? (what is that man called?)
Atsɛɔ Iɛ Sowa. = His name is Sowa (they call him Sowa)
Nyɛbia Iɛ egbɛi! = Ask him his name!
Miyabi Iɛ egbɛi. = I went and asked him his name.
Abi Iɛ egbɛi. = He was asked his name.
Use the verb
tsɛ (
te atsɛɔ...tɛŋŋ?) when asking a person's name or asking the word for a noun or noun phrase; use the verb
kɛ (
te akɛɔ akɛ...tɛŋŋ?) when asking how to say anything that is not a noun:
Te atsɛɔ enɛ tɛŋŋ? - What do you call this [thing]?
Te atsɛɔ...yɛ Ga mli tɛŋŋ? = how do you say...in Ga? (what is...called in Ga?) [for nouns]
Te atsɛɔ "cat" yɛ Ga mli tɛŋŋ? = how do you say "cat" in Ga?
Te atsɛɔ...tɛŋŋ? = how do you say...? (what is...called?)
Atsɛɔ lɛ... = it is called...
Atsɛɔ lɛ "alɔnte" = it is called "alɔnte".
Te akɛɔ akɛ...yɛ Ga mli tɛŋŋ? = how do you say...in Ga? (how is...said in Ga?) [for words/phrases other than nouns]
Te akɛɔ akɛ "thank you" yɛ Ga mli tɛŋŋ? = how is "thank you" said in Ga?
Te akɛɔ akɛ...tɛŋŋ? = how is... said?
Te akɛɔ...tɛŋŋ? = how is... said?
Akɛɔ akɛ... = it is said...
Akɛɔ akɛ "oyiwala dɔŋŋ" = it is said "oyiwala dɔŋŋ".
Verbstsɛ = to call, to name
call calling not calling will call to be called bi = to ask
ask asking not asking will ask to be asked ask! I went and asked https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhxdyh17gMU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhxdyh17gMU)
Video has the following phrases:
Te atsɛɔ bo tɛŋŋ? = what is your name?
Atsɛɔ mi.... = my name is....
Atsɛɔ mi Ndukwi. = my name is Ndukwi
Mɛni ji ogbɛi? = what is your name?
Migbɛi ji... = my name is...
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For comparison: Dangme (Dangbe, Adangme) is closely related to Ga, sometimes even considered a variety of the same language, but has some different vocabulary as well as grammatical differences.
Dangme language linksWikiversity: Dangme (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Dangme)
Learn Dangme (blogspot) (http://learndangme.blogspot.com/search/label/polite%20prhases)
A Dangme course on Memrise (https://www.memrise.com/course/720251/dangme/)
Greetings in Dangme (http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers/Greetings%20D.htm#Dangme)
Dangme phonology (https://ia800902.us.archive.org/5/items/rosettaproject_ada_phon-1/rosettaproject_ada_phon-1.pdf)
Dangme phrasesI nga mo - good morning
I haa mo - good afternoon
I taa mo ama - good evening
Kɛ o ngɛ kɛɛ? - how are you?
I ngɛ saminya - I am fine
Kɛ atsɛɛ mo kɛɛ - What is your name?
Jije o je? - Where are you from?
Jije o yaa? - Where are you going?
Enyeme? - How much?
Mo tsumi - thank you
Yaaba - goodbye
| What is your name? |
| Ga | Te | atsɛɔ | bo | tɛŋŋ | ? |
| Dangme | Kɛ | atsɛɛ | mo | kɛɛ | ? |
| meaning | how | is called | you | how | ? |
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Ga and Dangme - comparisons
| Number | Ga | Dangme |
| 1 | ekome | kake |
| 2 | enyɔ | enyɔ |
| 3 | etɛ | etɛ |
| 4 | ejwɛ | eywiɛ |
| 5 | enumɔ | enuɔ |
| 6 | ekpaa | ekpa |
| 7 | kpawo | kpaago |
| 8 | kpaanyɔ | kpaanyɔ |
| 9 | nɛɛhu | nɛɛ |
| 10 | nyɔŋma | nyɔŋma |
| 11 | nyɔŋma kɛ ekome | nyɔŋma kɛ kake |
| 12 | nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ | nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ |
| 13 | nyɔŋma kɛ etɛ | nyɔŋma kɛ etɛ |
| 14 | nyɔŋma kɛ ejwɛ | nyɔŋma kɛ eywiɛ |
| 15 | nyɔŋma kɛ enumɔ | nyɔŋma kɛ enuɔ |
| 16 | nyɔŋma kɛ ekpaa | nyɔŋma kɛ ekpa |
| 17 | nyɔŋma kɛ kpawo | nyɔŋma kɛ kpaago |
| 18 | nyɔŋma kɛ kpaanyɔ | nyɔŋma kɛ kpaanyɔ |
| 19 | nyɔŋma kɛ nɛɛhu | nyɔŋma kɛ nɛɛ |
| 20 | nyɔŋmai enyɔ | nyiŋmi enyɔ |
| 21 | nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ ekome | nyiŋmi enyɔ kɛ kake |
| 22 | nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ enyɔ | nyiŋmi enyɔ kɛ enyɔ |
| 30 | nyɔŋmai etɛ | nyiŋmi etɛ |
| 40 | nyɔŋmai ejwɛ | nyiŋmi eywiɛ |
| 50 | nyɔŋmai enumɔ | nyiŋmi enuɔ |
| 100 | oha | lafa |
| 1000 | akpe | akpe |
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Expressing feelings in GaMiitao... = I want...
Miitao maya shia. = I want to go home.
Miitao madze kpo. = I want to go out.
Miitao noko maye. = I want something to eat.
Mimii eshɛ mihe. = I am glad.
Mimii eshɛ mihe dzogbaŋŋ. = I am very glad.
Mimii eshɛ mihe akɛ miku sɛɛ kɛba shia. = I am glad to be home.
Omli efu lo? = Are you angry?
Mimli efu. = I am angry.
Wɔmli efu. = We are angry.
Emli efu. = He/she is angry.
Omli efu. = You are angry.
Mihao. = I am worried.
Miishe gbeyei. = I am afraid.
Etɔ mi. = I am tired.
Wɔmiiye mi. = I am sleepy.
Hɔmɔ miiye mi. = I am hungry.
Hɔmɔ miiye mi dzogbaŋŋ. = I am very hungry.
Miitao noko maye. = I want something to eat.
Kumai miiye mi. = I am thirsty.
Ofainɛ yɛɛ nu ohã mi. = Please give me some water.
Mihe efee kulɔɔ. = I am warm.
Fɛi miiye mi. = I am cold.
Mihe miiye. = I am ill.
Minaa hetselɛ. = I don't feel well.
Mijwɛŋŋ nakai. = I think so.
Efeɔ mi nakai. = I think so.
Efee mi nakai. = I don't think so.
?
Verb conjugation and tenses - examples with nyiɛ 'to walk'nyiɛ = to walk; to go, to travel, to proceed, etc.
nyiɛmɔ = to walk (nom.)
ŋnyiɛ = walking
nyiɛee = not walking
minyiɛ = I walk
onyiɛ = you walk (singular)
enyiɛ = he/she walks
wɔnyiɛ = we walk
nyɛnyiɛ = you walk (plural)
amɛnyiɛ = they walk
mimnyiɛ = I am walking
omnyiɛ = you are walking (singular)
emnyiɛ = he/she is walking
wɔmnyiɛ = we are walking
nyɛmnyiɛ = you are walking (plural)
amɛmnyiɛ = they are walking
mibaanyiɛ = I will walk
obaanyiɛ = you will walk (singular)
ebaanyiɛ = he/she will walk
wɔbaanyiɛ = we will walk
nyɛbaanyiɛ = you will walk (plural)
amɛbaanyiɛ = they will walk
minyiɛ omo = I walked
onyiɛ omo = you walked (singular)
enyiɛ omo = he/she will walk
wɔnyiɛ omo = we will walk
nyɛnyiɛ omo = you will walk (plural)
amɛnyiɛ omo = they will walk
Onyiɛ gleŋŋ. = You walk quickly.
Enyiɛ kubɛkubɛ. = She walks swiftly.
Wɔnyiɛ fεεfεo. = We walk beautifully.
Minyiɛ blɛoo. = I walk slowly.
Enyiɛ blɛoo kɛtee shia. = He walks home slowly.
Iŋnyiɛ kubɛkubɛ. = I do not walk swiftly.
Eefa nyiɛmɔ. = She starts walking.
Gbekɛbii yei lɛ nyiɛ oyayaaya. = The girls walked quickly.
Aku miikase nyiɛmɔ. = Aku is learning to walk. (sentence source (https://typecraft.org/w/images/9/99/Ga_verb_dictionary_templated.pdf))
Moko nyiɛ agbo lɛ naa. = Someone is walking outside. (sentence source (http://www.thegadangme.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lessons-on-Ga-Language-Amon-Quartey.pdf))
agbo lɛ naa = at the gate, by the gate
Enyiɛ tso nɔ tso nɔ. = He's roaming about aimlessly. (sentence source (https://typecraft.org/w/images/9/99/Ga_verb_dictionary_templated.pdf))
Adoley nyiɛ fεεfεo kɛ tsͻ onukpai ahiɛ. = Adoley walked beautifully past the elders. (sentence source (http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/handle/123456789/30168/A%20Study%20of%20Dangme%20Adverbs%20and%20Adverbials.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y))
Nomliɛ Ira le akɛ George ŋnyiɛ esɛɛ. = Ira didn't know that George was following her. (sentence source (https://www.afranaphdatabase.com/web/browse.php?sSent_sentence_answerset_id=Gaa&sSent_answerset_name=Ga&searchfor=sentence&answerset_id=Gaa&searching=0&nav=2&mode=langSentences&page=18))
sɛ = back (the body part)
esɛɛ = her back
Onyɛ da aahu akɛ kɛ enyiɛ lɛ ediŋdaa tamɔ dɔkɔdɔkɔ. = Your mother is so fat that when she walks she waddles like a duck. (sentence source (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Reggie_Duah/publication/303818846_The_Dilemma_of_Kmtyw-American_English_Identity_A_case_of_Kmtyw_Influence/links/5a68713d4585156abdff7223/The-Dilemma-of-Kmtyw-American-English-Identity-A-case-of-Kmtyw-Influence.pdf))
Set 1
1. kɛɛ = say
2. Jufɔ = Tuesday
3. mi = I, me
4. leebi = morning
5. hɔmɔ = hunger
6. fɛo = beautiful
7. gɔnti = thumb
8. ɛhɛɛ = yes
9. amɛ = they
10. bo = you (sing.)
11. duade = cassava
12. mli = in
13. ekome = one
Set 2
1. jara = market
2. Ju = Monday
3. nane = leg
4. ŋai = charcoal*
5. ofainɛ = please
6. pii = many
7. sabola = onion
8. toi = ear
9. voo = deep*
10. wɔ = we
11. wɔlɔ = egg*
12. yoo = woman
13. zɛro = zero
Exercise 1.3
amɛ = they
bo = you
duade = cassava
ekome = one
ɛhɛɛ = yes
fɛo = beautiful
gɔnti = thumb
hɔmɔ = hunger
mi= I, me
Jufɔ = Tuesday
kɛɛ = say
leebi = morning
mli = in, within
nane = leg
ŋai = charcoal
ofainɛ = please
wɔ = we
pii = many
jara = market
sabuli sabola = onion
toi = ear
Jɔ Ju = Monday
voo = deep
wɔlɔ = egg
yoo = woman
zɛro = zero
Exercise 1.4
1. ejwɛ four
2. gwantɛn sheep
3. hwanya shake
4. agbo big
5. kpawo seven
6. kwɛ look at
7. nyɛ you (plural)
8. ŋma write
9. shwane afternoon
10. shia house
11. tswaa free
12. ŋwɛi sky
13. tsofa medicine
Exercise 1.5
1. agbo big
2. gwantɛn* sheep
3. hwanya* shake
4. ejwɛ four
5. kpawo seven
6. kwɛ look at, watch
7. nyɛ you (plural)
8. ŋma* write
9. ŋwɛi* sky
10. shia house
11. shwane afternoon
12. tsofa* medicine
13. tswaa* free
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Some new words:ŋmaa = to write
miishɛɛ = happiness, joy, fun
ekomefeemɔ = union, unity
maŋ = country, nation, continent, town
maŋwulu = city (maŋ = town; wulu = great)
nyɛmi = sibling (nyɛmi yoo = sister)
onukpa = elder, boss
Some differences between the Learn Ga Now materials and other materials I've used:ekomefeemɔ maŋ = United States or United Nations? (https://forum.unilang.org/images/smilies/confused0006.gif)
ekome feemɔ = ekomefeemɔ
ofaine = ofainɛ
oyi wala doŋ = oyiwaladoŋ, oyiwala doŋŋ
mii shɛɛ = miishɛɛ
atsɛo = atsɛɔ (pretty confident that atsɛo is a true typo)
tɛɛ = tɛŋŋ (I know it as
tɛŋŋ in Ga and
kɛɛ in Dangme; maybe tɛɛ is a transitional dialect or "compromise" form?)
Below I have used the spelling conventions which I've previously encountered (i.e., second version listed above) for consistency's sake, rather than those in Learn Ga Now, where they differ.
Exercise 2.2 from Learn Ga Now (https://www.thegadangme.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/9_learn_ga_now.pdf):Conversation A
► SHOW SPOILER
Conversation B
► SHOW SPOILER
Conversation C
► SHOW SPOILER
Exercise 2.3 from Learn Ga Now (https://www.thegadangme.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/9_learn_ga_now.pdf).Thank you = Oyi wala doŋ
Your name is = Ogbɛi ji
Her name is = Egbɛi ji
My name is = Migbɛi ji
What is your name? = Te atsɛɔ bo tɛŋŋ?
Where are you from? = Nɛgbe ojɛ?
I'm from the United States. = Mi jɛ ekomefeemɔ maŋ lɛ mli. (Amerika nyo ji mi.)
You are from America. = Bo jɛ ekomefeemɔ maŋ lɛ mli. (Amerika nyo ji bo.)
I am an American. = Amerika nyo ji mi.
What about you? = Ni bo huŋ?
I am a Ghanaian. = Ghana nyo ji mi.
I was born in Accra. = Afo mi yɛ Ga.
I am = Mi jɛ
She's my younger sister. = Mi nyɛmi yoo fio ni.
Yes. = Hɛɛ
That's right. = Nakai ni.
Now = Bia nɛ.
Exercise 2.4 from Learn Ga Now (https://www.thegadangme.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/9_learn_ga_now.pdf).1. amɛ = they
2. nyɛ = you (plural)
3. mi = I, me
4. bo = you (singular)
5. lɛ = he, she, it
6. wɔ = we